Construction Technology – An Illustrated Introduction – Eric Fleming (TCE0004)

Construction Technology – An Illustrated Introduction – Eric Fleming, CONTENTS:

1 Masonry Construction in Bricks and Blocks

Bricks and blocks standards and dimensions

Bricks

Terminology

Brick sizes

Nominal sizing

Durability of bricks

Mortar joints

Coordinating sizes

Types of brick by shape

Kinds of brick by function

Brick materials

Testing of bricks

The bonding of bricks to form walls Convention on thicknesses of walls

Types of bond

Vertical alignmen t

Honeycomb brickwork

Quoins – an alternative definition

Half brick thick walls

Frog up or frog down

‘Jipping’

Common and facing brickwork

Facing brickwork

Pointing and join ting

General principles of bonding

Blocks

Block materials

Concrete blocks

Dense and lightweight concretes

Autoclaved aerated concrete

Dimensions of standard metric block

Whys and wherefores of mortar

Cement

Lime

Sand

Water

Which mortar mix?

‘Fat’ mixes

General rules for selection of mortar

Mortar additives

Mixing in additives

Mixing mortar

Good or bad weather

2 Substructures

Excavation generally

Topsoil

Subsoils

General categorisation of subsoils and their loadbearing capacities Foundations

The principal considerations

Simple foundation calculations

The mass of buildings

Mass, load and bearing capacity

Foundation width and thickness Reinforced concrete foundations

Failure of wide, thin, strip foundations

Trench fill foundations

Critical levels and depths

Level

Finished ground level

Bearing strata

Depths and levels

Step in foundation

Setting out

The site plan

Where do we put the building?

Equipment required for basic setting out

Setting out procedure

Excavation

Marking out the excavation

Excavation for and placing concrete foundations – and not wasting money doing it

Building masonry walls from foundation up to DPC level

Ground floor construction

Detail drawings

Wall-floor interfaces generally

Precautions

Solid concrete floors

Single and double layer concrete floors with hollow masonry wall Hung floors

Hung timber floors

Hung timber floor alternatives

Hung concrete floors

Blockwork substructure

3 Walls and Partitions

General

Requirements

Walls – environmental control

Heat loss and thermal capacity

Resistance to weather – precipitation

Air infiltration

Noise control

Fire

Dimensional stability

Walls of brick and blockwork

Insulation of external walls

Timber frame construction

Traditional timber frame

Modern timber frame construction

Loadbearing and non-loadbearing internal partitions Expansion joints

4 Timber Upper Floors

Upper floor joists

Linear and point loadings on upper floors

Openings in upper floors

For pipes

For flues

For stairs

Alternative materials for joistin g

Sound proofing

Modern sound and fire proofing

Support of masonry walls

Floor finishes

Ceiling finishes

5 Openings in Masonry Walls

For small pipes and cables

For larger pipes and ventilators

Large openings in masonry walls

Alternative sill arrangements

Threshold arrangements

Partitions of masonry

Openings in timber frame walls

6 Roof Structure

Roof classifications

Prefabrication

Trussed roofs

The trussed rafter

Verges meet eaves

Roof bracing

Flat roofs in timber

Insulation, vapour control layers and voids and ventilation Traditional roofs

Roof insulation

7 Roof Coverings

Tile and slate materials Slates

Plain tiles

Interlocking tiles

Timber shingles

Bituminous shingles

Pantiles

Spanish and Roman tiles

Edges and abutments

8  Doors

Functions of doors and windows – obvious and not so obvious

Types of door

Ledged and braced doors

Bound lining doors

Flush panel doors

Panelled doors

Pressed panel doors

15 pane doors

Hanging a door

Fire resistant doors

Smoke seals

Glazing

Ironmongery

9 Windows

Timber casement windows

Depth and height of glazing rebates

Timber for casement windows

Draught stripping materials

Hanging the casements

Joining the frame and casement members

Timber sash and case windows

The case

The sashes and case together

Vertical sliding sash windows

Glazing

For ordinary glazing work

10 Stairs

Landings

Steps

Balustrades

Measurements

Joining steps to stringer

Winders

11 Mutual Walls

Transmission of sound

Calculation of surface density

Wall types

Fire resistance

12 Plumbing and Heating

Pipework

Pipe fittings – couplings and connections Range of fittings

Valves and cocks

Services generally

Hot and cold water services Soil and ventilation stacks Overflows

Water supply from the main

Equipment

Cold water storage cisterns

Hot water storage cylinders

Feed and expansion tanks

Central heating

Piping for central heating systems Emitters

Appliances

Waste disposal piping and systems Insulation

Corrosion

Air locking and water hammer

First fixings

13 Electrical Work

Power generation

Wiring installation types

Sub-mains and consumer control units Sub-circuits

Work stages

Electrician’s roughing

Earth bonding

Final fix

Testing and certification

More on protective devices

Wiring diagrams

Accessories

Appendices:

A     Maps and Plans

B     Levelling Using the Dumpy Level

C     Timber, Stress Grading, Jointing, Floor Boarding

D     Plain and Reinforced In-situ Concrete

E     Mortar and Fine Concrete Screeds laid over Concrete Sub-floors or Structures

F     Shoring, Strutting and Waling

G     Nails, Screws, Bolts and Proprietary Fixings

H      Gypsum Wall Board

I       DPCs, DPMs, Ventilation of Ground Floor Voids, Weeps

J         Drawing Symbols and Conventions

K       Conservation of Energy

L        Short Precis of Selected British Standards