Steel Structures Practical Design Studies Fourth Edition (KET0056)

Steel Structures Practical Design Studies Fourth Edition

Contents

1 Introduction to structural design: The meaning, the purpose and the limits of structural design – general

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Phases of structural design 1

1.2.1 Basic considerations concerning the structural design process 3

1.3 The meanings of structural design 3

1.4 Can structural design be taught? 4

1.5 Databases and expert systems in structural design 5

1.6 The importance of the computer modelling process 5

2 Steel structures – structural engineering

2.1 Need for and use of structures 9

2.2 Structural materials – types and uses 10

2.3 Types of structures 11

2.3.1 General types of structures 11

2.3.2 Steel structures 12

2.4 Foundations 14

2.5 Structural engineering 15

2.6 Conceptual design, innovation and planning 17

2.7 Comparative design and optimization 19

2.8 Load paths, structural idealization and modelling 24

2.9 Drawings, specifications and quantities 27

2.10 Fabrication 30

2.11 Transport and erection 30

3 Structural steel design

3.1 Design theories 33

3.2 Limit states and design basis 37

3.3 Loads, actions and partial safety factors 38

3.4 Structural steels – partial safety factors for materials 40

3.5 Design methods from codes – ultimate limit state 40

3.6 Stability limit state 44

3.7 Design for accidental damage 45

3.8 Serviceability limit states 47

3.9 Design considerations 48

4 Preliminary design

4.1 General considerations 57

4.2 Need for and scope of preliminary design methods 57

4.3 Design concept, modelling and load estimation 58

4.4 Analysis 60

4.5 Element design 66

4.6 Examples 73

5 Single-storey, one-way-spanning buildings 77

5.1 Types of structures 77

5.2 Pinned-base portal – plastic design 78

5.3 Built-up tapered member portal 103

5.4 Two-pinned arch 104

6 Single-storey, one-way-spanning pinned-base portal-plastic design to EC3

6.1 Type of structure 117

6.2 Sway stability 117

6.3 Arching stability check-rafter, snap through 118

6.4 Check the column 119

6.5 Stability of the rafter 127

7 Multistorey buildings

7.1 Outline of designs covered 137

7.2 Building and loads 137

7.3 Simple design centre frame 140

7.4 Braced rigid elastic design 146

7.5 Braced rigid plastic design 157

7.6 Semirigid design 167

7.7 Summary of designs 182

8 Multistorey buildings, simple design to EC3

8.1 Outline of design covered 183

8.2 Simple design centre frame 184

8.3 Braced rigid elastic design/floor beam 10–11–12 190

8.4 Column – upper length 7–10–13, design and checking using EC3 192

and axial compression (Clause 5.5.4 EC3) 193

8.5 Outer column – lower length 1–4–7 195

8.6 Base plate (EC Annex L, Clause L1 EC3) 198

8.7 Joint design (Figure 5.4 EC3) 200

9 Floor systems

9.1 Functions of floor systems 205

9.2 Layouts and framing systems 205

9.3 Types of floor construction 207

9.4 Composite floor slabs 207

9.5 Composite beam design 210

9.6 Simply supported composite beam 215

9.7 Continuous composite beam 219

10 Composite floor system to EC4

10.1 Composite floor and composite beams 235

10.2 Initial selection of the steel beam size 239

10.3 Plastic analysis of composite section 241

10.4 The shear resistance of the composite section 245

10.5 Case study – shear connectors resistance 248

10.6 Checks for serviceability limit state 251

10.7 Check transverse reinforcement 253

10.8 Check shear per unit length, v 254

10.9 Check vibration 254

11 Tall buildings

11.1 General considerations 257

11.2 Structural design considerations 258

11.3 Structural systems 259

11.3.7 SWMB structures 268

11.4 Construction details 268

11.5 Multistorey building – preliminary design 270

12 Wide-span buildings

12.1 Types and characteristics 289

12.2 Tie-stayed roof – preliminary design 292

12.3 Space decks 302

12.4 Preliminary design for a space deck 306

12.5 Framed domes 313

12.6 Schwedler dome 318

12.7 Retractable roof stadium 326

13 Composite steel columns to EC3 and EC4: Theory, uses and practical design studies

13.1 Theory and general requirements 331

13.2 Design notes, partially or totally

encased universal columns 331

13.3 Column symmetric about both axes. General

requirement of BS EC EN 1994-1-1 333

13.4 Axial compression resistance of composite column cross section: Design resistance (χNpl,Rd) 335

13.5 Resistance of composite column cross section in combined compression and bending 335

13.6 Case study 1: Composite column: Compression resistance of cross section 336

13.7 Case study 2: Resistance of composite column in

combined compression and bending about the major axis 338

13.8 Case study 3: Combined compression and biaxial bending 343

14 Steel plate girders: Design to EC3

14.1 General theory, uses and practical examples/applications 349

14.2 Design of plate girder 352

15 Plate girder: Practical design studies

15.1 Total design loads acting on the plate girder 371

15.2 Maximum bending moment acting on the plate girder 371

15.3 Web critical slenderness ratio 371

15.4 Plate girder: Dimensions of cross-section 372

15.5 Check that actual hw/tw ratio < allowable hw/tw 373

15.6 Plate girder cross-section classification 373

15.7 Check plastic moment of resistance of the flanges Mpl,Rd 374

15.8 Maximum shear force 374

15.9 Web design 374

15.10 Plate girder with nonrigid end post 375

15.11 Intermediate stiffener: Buckling check 380

15.12 Plate girder: End stiffener – nonrigid end post 381

15.13 Welding between flange and webs,

Clause 9.3.5-BS EN 1993-1-5 2006(E) 384

15.14 Plate girder with rigid end post 384

15.15 Rigid end post 387

16 Sustainable steel buildings and energy saving

16.1 Sustainable steel buildings 391

16.2 Energy saving and thermal insulation 392

16.3 The U-value 394

16.4 Resistances of surfaces 395

16.5 Resistances of air spaces 395

16.6 Example calculation 395

16.7 Some maximum U-values 396

16.8 Thermal conductivities of commonly used insulating materials 399

16.9 Some typical k-values (W/m K) 399

16.10 Thermal insulation 401

16.11 Acoustic insulation 403

Steel Structures Practical Design Studies