Basics of Retaining Wall Design – Hugh Brooks (KEBDB0001)

Basics of Retaining Wall Design – Hugh Brooks, CONTENTS:

1. Why This Book?

The User

Why It Was Written?

Scope of This Book

Feedback

2. About Retaining Walls

Evolution of Retaining Structures

A Definition

The Precision Illusion

Types of Retaining Structures

Retaining Wall Terminology

What The Terms Mean

3. Design Procedure Overview

Step-by-Step Design of a Cantilevered Retaining Wall

Design of a Restrained Retaining Wall

Establish the Design Criteria

Design Criteria Checklist

4. Soil Mechanics Simplified

A Soil Primer

The Soil Wedge Theory

Explanation of Terms

The Pickle Jar Test

The Investigation

Soil Bearing Values

5. Building Codes and Retaining Walls

What Building Code(s) Apply To My Project?

Uniform Building Code (UBC), ’97 and California Building Code (CBC) ’01

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Referenced Codes

6. Forces and Loads On Retaining Walls

Determination of Loads and Forces

Lateral Earth Pressures

The Coulomb Formula

The Rankine Formula

Surcharge Loads

Wind Loads

Water Table Conditions

Detention Ponds/Flood Walls

Cascading walls

Vertical Loads

Impact Loading

7. Earthquake (Seismic) Design

Earthquake (Seismic) Loading

Vertical Distribution of Seismic Force on stem

Seismic for stem Self-weight

8. Designing The Cantilever Wall stem

Basics of Stem Design

Dowels from Footing into the stem

Horizontal Temperature Reinforcing

Shrinkage Reinforcing

Key at Stem-Footing Interface

Masonry Stem Design

Concrete Stem Design

9. Soil Bearing and stability – Cantilevered Walls

Tabulate Overturning and Resisting Moments

Proportioning Pointers

Overturning Moments

Resisting Moments

Vertical Component of Active Pressure From a Sloped Backfil

Determining Soil Bearing Pressure

Overturning stability

Sliding Resistance

Footing Keys

Deflection (Tilt) of Walls

Global Stability

10. Footing Design

Basics of Footing Design

Embedment of stem Reinforcing Into Footing

Toe Reinforcing

Heel Reinforcing

Minimum Footing Thickness

Minimum Cover for Footing Reinforcing

Horizontal Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcing

11        Pier and Pile Foundations  

Piles, Piers, and Caissons

When to Use Piles or Piers?

Design Criteria

Pile Design Example

12        Counterfort retaining Walls          

Description

Proportioning

Design Overview

Designing the wall

Designing the counterfort (or buttress)

Designing the heel

Designing the toe

Stability

13. Cantilevered Tilt-Up Walls

Description

Construction sequence

Design procedure

Free-standing walls

Erecting the panels

Resources

14. Gravity Walls

Overview

Design procedure

15. Gabion and Multi-Wythe Large Walls

Description

Design

Foundation Pressures

Seismic Design

Gabion Walls Using Mechanically stabilized Earth

16. Segmental Retaining Walls (SRWs)

An Overview

Gravity Wall Design

Check Lateral Soil Pressures

The Coulomb Equation

Check Inter-Block Shear

Check Sliding

Check Overturning

Check Soil Bearing Pressure

Soil Bearing Capacity

Seismic Design

Geogrid Wall Design

Construction Ssequence

About Geogrids

Gather Design Criteria

Select Masonry Units

Internal” and “External” forces

Determine Lateral Soil Pressures

Select Geogrid

Determine Geogrid Embedment

Determine Depth of Reinforced Soil (total base width)

Check Overturning

Checksliding at Lowest Geogrid Layer

Check Sliding at Base

Check soil earing Pressure

Soil Bearing Capacity

Seismic Design

Building Codes & Standards

Getting Help

17. Swimming Pool Wall Design

18. Pilaster Masonry Walls

Description

Filler Wall Design

Pilaster Design

Footing Design

19. Restrained (Non-Ylielding) Walls

Description

Dual Wall Function

“At Rest” Active Soil Pressure

Seismic Force on Non-Yielding (Restrained) Walls

20. Sheet Pile Walls

Description

Design Procedure

References

21. Soldier Beam Walls

Description

22. Why Retaining Walls Fail & Cost Effective Fixes

Some actual cases

23. Construction Topics and Caveats

Horizontal Control Joints

Drainage

Backfill

Compaction

Inspections

The Investigation

Forensic Investigations

24. Retaining Wall Design Examples

Appendix

A. Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

B. Summary of Design Formulas

C. Masonry Design Data

D. Development and Lap Lengths

E. Sample Construction Notes

F. Conversion Factors

G. Reinforcing Bar US/SI Conversions

H. Reference Bibliography

I. Notations & Symbols

J. Moments And Reactions For Rectangular Plates